The Antikythera shipwreck is one of the most significant underwater archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. In the spring of 1900, a group of sponge divers sought refuge from a violent Mediterranean storm near the small island of Antikythera, located between Crete and mainland Greece. When the storm subsided, they resumed diving for sponges in the local waters and stumbled upon a shipwreck filled with treasures from ancient Greece. This marked the beginning of the first large-scale underwater archaeological excavation in history. Supervised by the Greek navy to prevent looting, by early 1901, the divers had started recovering a remarkable array of ancient Greek artifacts from the shipwreck.
The Antikythera Shipwreck
The Antikythera shipwreck occurred around the mid-1st century BCE, estimated to be around 70-60 BCE. The ship was carrying a rich cargo from the ancient Greek world, possibly en route from the Eastern Mediterranean to Rome when it met with disaster and sank near Antikythera. The artifacts recovered from the Antikythera Wreck make it one of the most important finds in modern archaeology.
What was found in the Antikythera shipwreck ?
Antikythera Mechanism
The Antikythera Mechanism is one of the most impressive archaeological discoveries from the Antikythera shipwreck. Created around the 2nd century BCE, it is considered the world’s first ancient mechanical computer. This device was a complex tool comprising over 30 bronze gears, meticulously crafted to perform astronomical calculations.
The Antikythera Mechanism was used to predict celestial phenomena such as lunar phases, eclipses, and the cycles of planets. Remarkably, it could accurately compute astronomical cycles based on the mathematical and astronomical knowledge of ancient Greeks. The gears were arranged and interconnected in a sophisticated manner, revealing a level of technical sophistication that we are only beginning to fully understand through modern research.
The discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism has completely changed our perception of the scientific and technical abilities of ancient people, demonstrating that they had achieved a much higher level of development than previously thought.
Pottery and Glassware
A large number of high-quality pottery, amphorae, and glassware were recovered. These items highlight the craftsmanship and trade of the ancient Greeks. Amphorae were typically used to store wine, olive oil, and other goods, illustrating the thriving maritime commerce of that era.
Bronze and Marble Statues
Numerous exquisite sculptures were found, including statues of gods and ancient Greek athletes. Notably, the bronze statue of a young man, often referred to as the “Antikythera Youth,” is a prime example of Greek sculpture art. These artworks demonstrate the skill and talent of artisans of that period.
Jewelry and Accessories
Jewelry and accessories made of gold, silver, and bronze were found, showcasing the wealth and craftsmanship of the period. Necklaces, rings, and other pieces of jewelry reflect the complexity and attention to detail of ancient artisans.
Coins and Everyday Items
Coins from various cities, along with everyday items such as kitchen utensils and tools, provide deep insights into the daily life and economic activities of ancient times. These coins were not only mediums of exchange but also symbols of power and influence of ancient cities.
Furniture and Accessories
Fragments of furniture and decorative accessories, including parts of beds and chairs, were also found, revealing the sophistication in interior design of that time. These artifacts highlight the development of woodworking art and technique in the ancient world.
Human Remains
In 2016, archaeologists discovered a nearly complete skeleton remarkably preserved in the sediment. The bones belong to a young man, possibly a crew member or passenger. This discovery marks the first time intact human remains have been found at the Antikythera shipwreck site. DNA analysis from these remains could provide scientists with information about the man’s diet, health, origin, and even appearance.
The Antikythera shipwreck is a vivid testament to the richness and diversity of ancient Greek civilization. The artifacts recovered from this shipwreck are not only artistic and technical treasures but also keys that open the door to history, helping us better understand the life, culture, and development of people in ancient times.
